HEART VALVE REPLACEMENT

 


HEART VALVE REPLACEMENT

When any one of the four valves namely the Aortic valve stenosis, Tricuspid valve, Pulmonary Valve, and Mitral Valve regurgitation present in our heart does not function properly then it needs to be repaired or replaced. This process is known as Heart valve replacement.

Now the question comes why we need a heart valve replacement or surgery. All the valves or the flaps which are responsible for letting in and out of the blood stop the blood to flow in a backward direction. The valves are supposed to close properly after the blood gushes into the chambers. If the valves do not close properly, become narrow or leaky then it may give rise to several valvular heart valve diseases. In some cases other than replacement, a valve repair is also an option. But this depends upon the health condition of the patient.

COMMON SIGNS OF VALVULAR HEART DISEASE:

·       Unwanted fever

·       Pain  in chest

·       Shortness of breath

·       Excessive weight gain

·       Swelling in ankles or feet

·       Fainting

CHOICE OF VALVE

If you consult with your doctor or health care providers they will provide you with multiple options to choose the kind of valve for replacement. The long-term quality of life depends upon the choice of the valve. Once the valve gets replaced it starts functioning the same way as it used to be but this also depends upon the durability of the valve. There are certain factors based on which your doctor will advise which valve type will be best suited for you such as the age of the patient, health condition, and capability for anticoagulation therapy.

VARIETY OF REPLACEMENT HEART VALVE 

·         MECHANICAL HEART VALVE- These types of heart valves are considered the most everlasting artificial heart valve with the highest durability. They are manufactured from carbon and polyester material which does not cause much problem to the human heart. The only risk which goes with this kind of valve is the chance of formation of a blood clot because of which the patient is kept on blood-thinning medication such as WARFARIN for a lifetime. They are also asked to regularly monitor their PT/INR level to manage the doses of WARFARIN.

 

·         TISSUE VALVE OR BIOPROSTHETIC VALVE- These types of valves are generally made from human or animal tissues such as cows or pigs. This mainly lasts for 10 to 20 years. It is of three types homograft, porcine and the last one is the bovine valve. The biggest advantage with this type of valve is that patient undergoing replacement surgery does not need blood-thinning medication for a lifetime as the chances of formation of a blood clot are negligible. But with this, it also has a disadvantage in that it does not last as long as mechanical heart valve so replacement surgery may be needed again accordingly.

 

·         DONOR VALVE- Human donated valves are used for valve replacement surgery and reconstruction of a  heart valve. This valve also reduces the chances of the formation of a blood clot and many other infections in adults as well as children. Their life expectancy is also for 10 to 20 years almost.

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